Prototype
A prototype is an early, simplified version or representation of a design concept or product idea. It is created to test and validate the design, gather feedback, and refine the concept before moving forward with full-scale production or development. Prototypes can take various forms, such as physical models, digital mockups, interactive simulations, or functional prototypes.

What is Prototyping?
Your team spends months building features based on assumptions that turn out to be wrong, leading to expensive rework and products that don't meet user needs or business objectives.
Most development teams build final products without testing concepts first, missing opportunities to validate ideas cheaply and iterate based on user feedback before committing significant resources.
Prototyping is the iterative process of creating early, testable versions of products or features to validate concepts, gather user feedback, and refine solutions before full development, reducing risk and improving outcomes through rapid experimentation and learning.
Teams using systematic prototyping achieve 50% fewer expensive redesigns, 40% faster development cycles, and significantly better user satisfaction because they test and refine ideas before building final products.
Think about how companies like IDEO use rapid prototyping to test product concepts with users before manufacturing, or how software companies create clickable prototypes to validate user experience before writing production code.
Why Prototyping Matters for Product Success
Your development process is expensive and risky because teams build complete features based on untested assumptions, leading to products that miss user needs and require costly changes after launch.
The cost of skipping prototyping compounds throughout development. You build wrong solutions, discover problems late when fixes are expensive, and miss opportunities to create better user experiences through iterative improvement.
What systematic prototyping delivers:
Faster problem identification because prototypes reveal usability issues, concept problems, and user confusion before teams invest significant development time in wrong directions.
When you test ideas early, you can fix problems while changes are easy rather than discovering issues after products are built.
Better user experiences through iterative refinement based on actual user feedback rather than internal assumptions about what users want or need.
Reduced development costs because prototyping identifies optimal solutions before expensive development begins, preventing rework and feature changes during late development stages.
Higher stakeholder confidence as prototypes provide tangible demonstrations of concepts that enable better decision-making about resource allocation and strategic direction.
Improved team alignment because prototypes create shared understanding of solutions and user experiences that reduce miscommunication during development.
Advanced Prototyping Strategies
Once you've established basic prototyping capabilities, implement sophisticated testing and validation approaches.
Multi-Fidelity Prototyping: Use different prototype fidelity levels for different testing objectives, from rough sketches for concept validation to high-fidelity prototypes for detailed usability testing.
Collaborative Prototyping: Involve users, stakeholders, and cross-functional team members in prototype creation to build shared understanding and buy-in for solutions.
Systematic Prototype Testing: Create structured testing protocols that generate actionable insights about user behavior, preferences, and usage patterns rather than general feedback.
Prototype-to-Production Pipelines: Develop efficient processes for transitioning from validated prototypes to production development that maintains design integrity and user experience quality.
Recommended resources
Courses
Wireframing
3D Design Foundations
UX Design Foundations
Design Terminology
Common Design Patterns
Accessibility Foundations
UI Components II
Design Composition
Mobile Design
UX Design Patterns with Checklist Design
Introduction to Figma
User Psychology
Psychology Behind Gamified Experiences
Product Discovery
Reducing User Churn
Apple Human Interface Guidelines
Introduction to Product Management
Introduction to Design Audits
Building Agile Teams
Government Design Foundations
Introduction to Customer Journey Mapping
Human-Centered AI
Lessons
UI Design Deliverables
Design Processes
Figma Right & Left Sidebars
Figma Vocabulary
Figma Toolbar
Exercises
Projects

RetroPlum - Skeuomorphic Style Button Kit

Topmood – Personalized Fashion

Doctors online app

Accessible Sign-Up Form for Evolve Storefront

Coffee site mockup
FAQs
A prototype is a working model of a user interface that simulates the functionality and behavior of the final product. A prototype is more interactive than a mockup and is used to test and evaluate the usability and user experience of a product before it is built.
Designers create prototypes using various tools, such as Adobe XD, Sketch, Figma, and InVision.
Prototypes can be used at various stages of the design process, from early conceptual designs to more detailed wireframes and final designs. They help UX designers test the usability and user experience of a product and gather feedback from users, stakeholders, and design teams.
Depending on the level of detail and interactivity, there are 3 types of prototypes:
- Low-fidelity prototypes: Simple and static, they are used to represent the layout and structure of the interface and can even be created with paper and pen.
- Medium-fidelity prototypes: These don't bear a high resemblance to the real app like high-fidelity prototypes, but can also be quite detailed and interactive.
- High-fidelity prototypes: These are the most detailed and interactive of all types, simulating the look and feel of the final product.
Prototypes can be used at various stages of the design process and help a UX team fulfill the following goals:
- Generate, test, and verify various design ideas and assumptions with users
- Communicate design decisions to stakeholders
- Improve usability and functionality issues before handing off designs to developers
- Gather feedback and improve ideas to prevent risks
Prototyping skills are best improved through practice. Redesign existing websites or applications that contain usability flaws, create your own design projects, volunteer for non-commercial organizations that lack design specialists, and explore design tutorials and workshops. Make sure to gather feedback on your work from your colleagues, design peers, or a mentor. You can post your designs on Dribbble or Behance and learn from the feedback other users leave for you.
Iterate, test, and improve. Your mistakes will help you master prototyping skills so you can create helpful and intuitive user experiences.
To begin with, take our Mobile Prototyping lesson to learn the basics. This will enable you to understand the value of prototyping and find out when it’s the best time to introduce prototypes into the design process.