Direct manipulation principle

Direct manipulation lets users interact with content without intermediary controls. On iOS, users pinch photos to zoom, drag items to rearrange them, or pull down to refresh content. These gestures create a sense of directly handling digital objects, making interactions feel natural and immediate. The connection between touch and response should feel instantaneous and predictable. In Maps, two fingers rotate the view as if handling a physical map.

These responses provide clear feedback that helps users understand the results of their actions. Physical metaphors guide interface behavior but shouldn't slavishly copy real objects. Instead, they enhance digital interactions with familiar patterns. When adjusting the volume or screen brightness in the Control Center, the slider gives subtle vibration feedback. Lists bounce gently when you reach the end of scrolling, showing you've hit the boundary without stopping abruptly.