Assistive technology basics

Assistive technologies help people with disabilities interact with digital products.

Understanding how these tools work changes how you approach content structure and interactive elements:

• Screen readers convert on-screen content to speech or braille, allowing blind or low-vision users to navigate interfaces.
• Switch controls let users with limited mobility navigate using adaptive switches, head pointers, or sip-and-puff devices instead of traditional mice or keyboards.
• Voice recognition software like Dragon NaturallySpeaking enables hands-free computer use.
• Screen magnifiers enlarge portions of the screen for users with low vision, while alternative input devices accommodate various motor abilities.

Each assistive technology has specific requirements. Screen readers need semantic HTML, proper heading structures, and descriptive labels. Keyboard navigation requires logical tab orders and visible focus indicators. Voice control works best with clear, predictable interaction patterns. Testing your product with these technologies reveals issues that guidelines alone might miss. Many assistive technologies offer free trials or built-in options on devices, making testing accessible to product teams without significant investment.