Metaphors in system interactions

Apple uses familiar metaphors to make digital interactions intuitive. Files move into the trash can, documents stack like papers on a desk, and photos gather into albums. These real-world parallels help users understand digital concepts through familiar physical experiences. Modern interfaces balance metaphors with digital capabilities. While Mail uses the concept of sending letters, it enhances this familiar action with features impossible in the physical world — like scheduling delivery or unsending messages.

The metaphor provides a foundation for understanding without limiting functionality. Digital metaphors should feel natural without being overly literal. Instead of copying a physical book's page-turning animation, Books uses a simple slide transition that maintains the feeling of progress through content. This approach preserves the essence of familiar actions while embracing the digital medium.