Responsive design is a modern web design approach that ensures websites adapt smoothly to any screen size or device. The layout responds dynamically to the viewport dimensions (the visible area of a webpage on a device's screen) using fluid grids (layouts that scale using relative units like percentages), flexible images (images that resize proportionally), and CSS media queries (rules that apply different styles based on device characteristics). This eliminates the need for separate versions of a website for different devices.

Every element on a responsive website adjusts proportionally to the screen size, maintaining readability and usability across devices. The content reflows and reorganizes automatically, while navigation menus transform into mobile-friendly versions on smaller screens. This creates a consistent user experience regardless of the device used to access the site.^[1]