Policy prototyping helps teams test ideas before launching full-scale programs. It turns complex policy concepts into simple, hands-on demonstrations that people can try and respond to. This early testing surfaces real-world feedback and reveals potential issues before broader implementation.

Teams often create multiple versions of their ideas to see what works best in practice.

In Charleston, the city team tested 5 different ways of sending flood warnings, ranging from text messages and voice calls to social media alerts and door-to-door flyers. This helped them learn which formats residents trusted and responded to most quickly.

Testing also helps uncover blind spots. In Kalamazoo, a plan to rely on volunteers for snow removal sounded promising, but testing showed that consistency was a challenge. This led to a hybrid approach, where the city supported volunteers with tools and backup services.

Common testing methods include:

• Paper mockups of forms, signs, or materials
• Role-playing new procedures or interactions
• Simple digital prototypes
• Test runs with small groups of users
• Practice scenarios with front-line staff