Recognizing internal and external dependencies

Dependencies describe how tasks or initiatives rely on each other. Some are internal, meaning they fall within the control of the product team. For example, developers may need wireframes from designers before beginning coding. Internal dependencies can usually be managed with clearer planning, sequencing, and team communication.

Others are external, lying outside the team’s direct influence. These often involve other departments, partners, or third parties. Examples include waiting for legal approval, vendor deliveries, or regulatory compliance. External dependencies are more unpredictable, since delays or changes may come from groups with different priorities. Recognizing whether a dependency is internal or external helps set realistic expectations. It also guides where to focus negotiation, alignment, or risk planning. By distinguishing between the two, teams can better anticipate delays and avoid treating all dependencies as equal.