Waterfall methodology

Waterfall methodology follows a sequential approach where each phase must be completed before the next begins. Requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing, and deployment flow downward like a waterfall.

Traditional industries like construction and manufacturing popularized this approach because changes become costly once execution begins. Software teams adopted Waterfall in the 1970s, bringing structure to chaotic development processes.^[1] However, its rigidity often clashes with modern software's need for flexibility.

The methodology excels when requirements are stable and technology is well-understood. Government contracts, infrastructure projects, and safety-critical systems often mandate Waterfall's comprehensive documentation. Each phase produces specific deliverables that stakeholders must approve before proceeding.