Self-determination theory

Self-determination theory (SDT) helps us understand what motivates people, and it's useful in gamification to understand what drives users. According to the theory, users have 3 basic needs:

• Autonomy: Giving users choices and control over their actions boosts motivation. For example, letting players choose their actions, tasks, or customize their characters or learning paths.
• Competence: People like to feel they are good at something. Gamified experiences that provide clear goals, feedback, and rewards for skillful actions help users feel competent. This keeps them engaged.
• Relatedness: Gamification can include social elements, like leaderboards, team challenges, or sharing achievements, to foster a sense of community among users.

When gamification meets these needs, it keeps users motivated by making activities more enjoyable and fulfilling.